Dynamo-electric machine.



L. W NELSON.

DYNAHO ELECTRIC MACHINE. v APYLTOATIOE nun In 16, 1910 Patented ma 21, 1912.

8 SHBETS-4HEET 1.

L. w. NELSON. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, 1910.

1,027,273. Patented May 21, 1912.

a sums-sum a. -1 v i:

UNITED STATES PnEENT OFFICE.

LEWIS W. NELSONJOF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

DYNAMIC-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it'known that I, Lnwis W. NELSON,-d. citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

One object of my invention is to provide an electric machine capable of use either as a generator or as a motor and particularly adapted for direct connection to an internal combustion engine, in order that said engine may be cranked by the operation of the machine 'when the latter is supplied with current, and may also, when working on its own fuel, operate said machine to generate an electric current with which to charge a battery used for starting or for any other purpose.

I further desire to provide a dynamo electric machine of such design that it shall when supplied with current be capable of exerting a materially varying torque at differentparts of each revolution; its construction bein such that for the other parts of its revolution it shall tend to attain a maximum speed. This arrangement is particular y. desirable when the machine is'cmployed for cranking an internal combustion engine, for its construction and mounting are such that the maximum torque 1s ex-- erted during, the compression stroke or .strokes of the engine, while during the scavenging stroke or strokes the engine'is speeded up so that the momentum of the moving parts tends to assist in the opera tion ofthe machine, during the succeeding compression stroke l l A further object of my invention" is to provide a dynamo electric machine particularly adapted for use in connection with an internal -.combustion engine and whose revolving clement shall be particularly designed to replace the fly wheel. of such an engine. I also desire that the machine shall be of a relatively compact and substantial construction, with its parts so arranged as to occupy a minimum space and of such design. as-to require but little if any attention under operating conditions.

I further desire to provide a dynamo electric machine of, suchja construction as will particularly adapt it for mounting between Specification Letters Patent.

Application filed May 16, 1910. Serial No. 561,546.

cylindrical Patented May 21, 1912.

for use in connection with an internal conibustion en ine: Fi 2.is an eular 'ed vertib l r cal section of a machine constructed accordlng' to my invention, showing the preferred arrangement of'its parts; Fig. 8, is a front elevation. partly in section illustrating the armature of my dynamo electric machine; Fig. 4, 15 a diagrammatic view illustrating the connections of the various elements of a i machine constructed according to my inventlon and show ng it as connected w1th a battery and the necessary controlling switches;

Figs. 5 and G are elevations illustrating the construction of two forms of field magnet frames which may he used in carrying out my invention and Figs. 7 and 8, are fragmentary plan views of portions of Figs. 5 and. 6 respectively, further illustrating the construction shown in said latter figures.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive of .the

above drawings, 1 represents an internal combustion. engine ofany desired type having a main shaft indicated at 2. To the crank: case or other suitable part of the engine frame is attached the incl'osing casing 3 of my dynamo elcctrlc machine which in the present case 1s of the revolving armature type. The rear end t of said case has mounted on its inner face within said casing an armature yoke 5 carrying a series ofpolc pieces 5 on which are placed the field magnet windings it. The armature of the nuichine, as indicated at 7, includes a shell 8 concentric with the engine shaft 2, having an inwardly projecting flange 9 directly bolted to a flange 2* which in theprcsent instance is formed intcgral with said shaft. At the end of the shell 8 opposite that. connected to the shaft? is an outwardly extendingauuular web .0

carrying an annular toothed frame ll on which is mounted a laminated ring 1.1. The armature windings are disposed around this casing end core in thc'menner well under: stood by those skilled in. thcxert and are positioned by the-teeth of. acid frame. As is obvious froml ig. 2, this armature -is-rev-' joldbl'e immediately adjacent the, feces of the .pieces. of the field magnets and it is noted-that the web 10 card 'ing the armature obre'hudwindiugs is over uug es indicated at 12 so. as to 'copcrcte with. e similarly o'verlmu portionl of the shell .8to1suppqrt'an' hold in place the segments 14 of 'thecommxitator, which is mounted outlie ertirior surface of the seidslill within the defined byihecircle of field magnets.

Between these letter are mounted the re quired number ofbrushes 15 which may he carried in any desired or suitable form. of boxu 16, shown in the present instance as supported on. a body 17 of i'nsuleting me- 2 withinlth e shell 8 Ofthe armature Betonal mounted upon the field magnet yoke or-,tiHgLI From that face of the disk or Web 10car'rying the armature eore iend. 0

- to the letter there projects a slihty 522341 flange 18 serving as one member of a clutch, whose second member 19 has e pore Ition 20 designdto co jperete with said part 18 and mounted on an extension 2*" of the l engine shaft 2; said shaft in the present instence being provided wltha, head 2 while the clutch member 19 has a tubular portion extendingjconcentricelly with the extension Ftween the end of said part 521 and the heed 2 is cpringQQ normally tending to hold the two members of the clutch in their I coupled positions" The member 19 has bolted or othtcrwise-ettuiched to it s, grooved collar 23 s lined to e shaft 2e connected to any desire mechanism whichit is wished to drive. In orde to make a tight connt-ic-- tion between the fixed casing- 3 of the generator and the revolving armature 7, one of these two members is provided with e Slil'lllr circular grooved ii? 25 into which projects a rib 2% carried by tee other member;

In the prcjt'erred form'of my invention, the armature is wound in the manner in dicated diagrammaticallyin Fig. that is to say, two opposite portions of said er mature of substantially in en Quler cit tent are provided with coi -ls eac having comparatively few. turns of relctively'iarg c conductorywhilc the two remaining diemctri'celly opposite sections ofsa-id ermst ure' have .coils wound with e relatively large number of turns (sf-smell diameter wire.

All of these coils are connected the core mutetor in' the well known manner "11d under operating conditions, when our 5 is sup lied to the machine its distr t tion in the armature such that the coils hitting but few] turns receive. considerably heavier current .tlmnsthosc which are composed. of the-greater rzumlcer of turns smaller Wire; it lxeing'ohviode that the the drawings for the sake of clearness.

caused by the alternating coarse and fineis such that there is a tendency to' speed up proportionin of 'the' windings .may be widely varie in order to obtain an i'rrc lar 'flux distribution without departmg' from my invention.

While the iron in the field magnets may be disposed in any of a number of different ways as in Figs, 5 -to 8 inclusive, I have illustrated it inFigs. 1,2, and 7 as designed for the reception of sixsimiler field coils. Since these cells as .well as the commutator bl'lilfiS ereconnected toe source of current sdpply by cenductorswhich in no way dificr from those employed in any dynamo e1ectric machine, they have been omitted from l 80 If it is dcsircdto startthe engine, current is supplied to the d namo electric machine 9'5 armature windings and to the current flow resulting therefrom. At other partsof the armature revolution the'relation of the fine winding of many turns to the field magnets I thecrmeture; this action occurring during that pert of the engine stroke when one or more of the istons are scaven ing or are drawing in c argesof (fuel. 1 s n conse quence, the rotation of the armature is me terlally ccccleratedduring this part ofits rey'olntion, so that on the succeeding com: pIGSE-liml stroke c t-the engine, the moving v v parts of the machine possess considerable momentum, which with the relatively great no torque due to the heavy current fiowin through the coerse armature windings of few turns IHSUIGS -41 contmued cranking of the engine untll 1t starts and continues to ch orate under its own. motive power, It is o vrous, that there are other ways than that above noted of accomplishing this peculiar action of the armature, for as illustrated in Fig; well in F 6- and 8 inclusive, the field megnetsmey be arranged and constructcd with this end in View so that either hy themselves or in combination with the irregular armature windings they attain the Sallie result. Thus in l, on two oppestle pole pieces there are mouhted coils 12:; having ll any turns offine Wire and while the core supporting other fieldrmagnets extends 'es uc' its mam portion in a line. at

E t right angles to the line of the cores 28, as indicated gt 29 its opposite ends are the engine has started, the switchbranched to provide cores each of which carries a magnet coil. having but few turns of relatively coarse wire. Under operating conditions this arrangement causes the uneven flux distribution heretofore n otedi'so that, especially if the armature be wound unevenly as heretofore described, the force exerted to turn it varies materially at different parts of its revolution, althougl'i it may in some cases be used with a uniformly Wound armature. In the case illustrated in Fig. a, I have shown the dynamo electric machine as connected to a storage battery 31 through conductors in which are interposed switches 32 and 33; the latter of these governing the supply of current to the magnets 28 and two pairs of the brushes 34 and 35. The other switch 133 controls the flow of current to the other pair of brushes 36 and" to the four field magnets 30, so that whenever it is desired to start the'fengine to which the machine is connected both the switches 32 and are closed and the motor is supplied with current through all of its brushes with the results above noted. After opened and the machine is permitted to opcrate as a gei'ierator with the magnets 28 energized, the current being taken. from the commutator tl'trough the brushes 36 and used to charge the battery 31 or for any .other pur'post. for which it. suited.

, (3' and 8. in this case the pole sl If desired the armature and field wind ings may he designed in the well known manner customarily found in direct current machines but the desired flux variation necessary for turning the armature in the 1 manner above de crili'cd may be obtained by properly altering the disposition of the iron in the field magnet. l as indicated in Fig V iocs 4:0 of certain pairs of the field magnets may be united so as to short circuit a portion of the flux otherwise passing il'll'Ollgll the armature; the coimecting pieces ll. being prefer ably of rcsirictml cross section so as to be incapable of carnving all the flux. As a result there an uneven flux distribution around the circular path tlnough which any armature comlnctiai or set of cinnlnctors pass under o ierating col'iditions so that as before noted the turning force exerted on determined points for the purpose hereto-- fore describedit is to be noted thatthe dislril'ndion of material in the armature is such that this latter particular! adapted to act as the fly wheel and as a matter of fact is designed to replace this particular element of the engine to which it attached By n'iounting one of the clutch members on this armature structure it possible to assemble the various parts in a relatively small space inanediately adjacent the engine itself, especially since. the necessity of an independent fly wheel is obviated. It will be noted that the sible extent. Moreover this machine is interposed between the shaft to be driven and the driving engine so that the apparatus as a whole is essentially compact: this characteristic being particularly due to the em ployment of a discoidal armature'and to the mounting of the commutator within the cavity designed by the armature and field magnets.

lVhile I have described the armature wil'f tlings employed in one form of my invention as consisting of two sets of coils one of a Illlll'llJGI. of turns of relatively fine wire and the other of a less number of turns of heavier wire, it will be understood that the lengths and sizes of this Wire constituting the arn'iatnre windings may be widely varied in order to secure the desired result without departing from my invention.

1. The combination of an internal combustion engine having a shaft provided with an abutment; a dynamo electric machine having a fixed member immediately adjacent said engine and concentric with the shaft; a rotating member immediately adjai the abutment on the engine shaft.

2. The combination of an internal com-- bastion engine having a shaft,.with a dynamo electric machine having its rotatable element connected to said shaft; a clutch member connected to said rotatable element; a driven shaft having a second clutch element placed to cooperate with the first element; an extension from said second clutch clement projecting within the body of the dynamo electric machine; and a spring confined between a portion of the engine shaft and the extension from said clutch member.

3. The combination of an internal combustion engine having a shaft provided with an abutmenton its outer end; a hollow structure fixed to and overhanging the end portion of said shaft; a dynamo electric machine having one of its elements on the said structure and-the other carried by the engine; a driven shaft a structure rotatably tired thereto ut slidable thereon and; co-- engine shzift to 0m 21- cluth g isaid struc name to this fspecifi cation, inth presence of tux-e on the driven shaft including a hollo fv two subscribing witnesses. portion extendin into'the' stmq'qure on h e engine shaft an providing a spring seat; LEWIS NELSON 5 with a, spring mounted between said spring Witnesses: seat and the abutment on the engine .shaft. WILLIAM E. BRADLEY,

' In testimony whgreof, vI have signed my WM. A. BARR. 

